Being Drunk vs. Being High: A Closer Look

Understanding Substance Use

When it comes to understanding substance use, it is important to examine the effects of alcohol consumption and cannabis use. Each substance has its own unique impact on the body and mind.

Effects of Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, affecting nearly every organ system in the body. Within about five minutes of being absorbed, it reaches the brain, leading to euphoric effects within 10 to 15 minutes [1]. This is due to transient changes in the brain's electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, which correlates with the onset of euphoria.

The effects of alcohol consumption are diverse and can vary depending on factors such as the amount consumed, individual tolerance, and overall health. Common short-term effects include relaxation, lowered inhibitions, impaired coordination, and slowed reaction times.

Effects of Cannabis Use

Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, also produces distinct effects on the body and mind. When cannabis is smoked, the psychoactive chemical THC and other compounds in the plant are quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to almost immediate effects that last from 1 to 3 hours [3]. When consumed in foods or drinks, the onset of effects may be delayed, typically appearing after 30 minutes to 1 hour and lasting for many hours.

THC, the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, is rapidly absorbed and quickly reaches high blood concentration after inhalation. This leads to an increase in regional cerebral blood flow in anterior brain regions, which are critical for semantic memory [2]. The effects of cannabis use can vary from person to person but commonly include relaxation, altered perception of time, increased appetite, and changes in mood.

It's important to note that both alcohol and cannabis can impair cognitive and physical functioning. While alcohol is associated with cognitive impairment, poor coordination, and decreased reaction times, cannabis can also lead to short-term memory and concentration difficulties.

Understanding the effects of alcohol consumption and cannabis use is crucial for making informed decisions regarding substance use. It is always recommended to consume these substances responsibly and be aware of the potential risks and consequences associated with their use.

Short-Term Effects

When comparing the short-term effects of alcohol and cannabis, it's important to understand how each substance impacts the body and mind. Both alcohol and cannabis can produce immediate effects that vary in intensity and duration.

Immediate Impact of Alcohol

Alcohol is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, affecting nearly every organ system in the body. Once consumed, it reaches the brain within about five minutes, leading to euphoric effects within 10 to 15 minutes. Alcohol consumption can result in various short-term effects, including:

• Relaxation and lowered inhibitions
• Increased sociability and euphoria
• Impaired judgment and decision-making
• Decreased coordination and motor skills

The intensity of these effects can vary depending on the amount of alcohol consumed. It's important to note that excessive alcohol consumption can lead to more pronounced impairment. Additionally, alcohol-related short-term effects can be accompanied by impaired cognitive function, such as difficulties with concentration, problem-solving, and memory recall.

Immediate Impact of Cannabis

Similar to alcohol, cannabis consumption rapidly affects the body. When consumed, it spreads into tissues and reaches the brain in about five minutes. Euphoric effects generally manifest within the first 10 to 15 minutes, correlated with transient changes in the brain's electroencephalographic activity (EEG) [2]. Some common short-term effects of cannabis use include:

• Relaxation and heightened sensory perception
• Altered perception of time and space
• Difficulties with coordination
• Impaired thinking and concentration

It's important to note that the intensity and duration of cannabis effects can vary depending on factors such as the strain, potency, and method of consumption. Short-term cognitive effects of cannabis may include temporary memory impairment and difficulties with cognitive tasks [6].

Understanding the immediate impact of alcohol and cannabis is crucial for individuals dealing with addiction and seeking to make informed decisions about their substance use. It's important to remember that both alcohol and cannabis can have short-term effects that may impact cognitive function, coordination, and judgment. Taking into account individual tolerance and the potential risks associated with substance use can help individuals make safer choices regarding their well-being.

Cognitive and Physical Effects

Understanding the cognitive and physical effects of substance use is crucial in comprehending the differences between being drunk and being high. Both alcohol and cannabis can have significant impacts on these aspects, albeit in distinct ways.

Cognitive Impairment from Alcohol

Alcohol consumption, particularly during adolescence, is associated with various cognitive deficits. It can affect learning, psychomotor speed, attention, executive functioning, and impulsivity. The consumption of alcohol interferes with neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to a decrease in brain activity and energy levels. Prolonged and excessive alcohol use can result in alcohol-related brain damage, affecting memory and learning abilities. In severe cases, it can lead to a condition called Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Additionally, alcohol consumption can contribute to and worsen mental health symptoms, particularly related to depression, anxiety, and stress [5]. It is essential to recognize the potential cognitive impairments associated with alcohol use and consider the long-term consequences on mental well-being.

Cognitive Impairment from Cannabis

Cannabis use can also have significant impacts on cognitive functions. It affects executive functions, including planning, organizing, problem-solving, decision-making, memory, and emotional control. During acute intoxication, impairments in attention and memory can be observed, and these effects may persist for several hours following cannabis use.

The cognitive impairments associated with cannabis use are primarily attributed to the interaction between cannabinoids and the brain's endocannabinoid system. These interactions can disrupt normal neurotransmitter activity and communication, leading to altered cognitive functioning. It is worth noting that the cognitive impairments from cannabis use can vary depending on factors such as the dose, frequency of use, and individual sensitivity.

Understanding the cognitive effects of cannabis is crucial when considering its potential impact on daily functioning and decision-making processes. It is important to approach cannabis use with caution, particularly in situations that require cognitive sharpness and focus.

By recognizing the cognitive impairments that can arise from alcohol and cannabis use, individuals can make informed decisions regarding their substance use. It is important to prioritize personal well-being and consider the potential short-term and long-term consequences of substance use on cognitive functioning and overall health.

Driving Impairment

When comparing the effects of alcohol and cannabis on driving, it's important to understand the potential impairments that each substance can cause. Both alcohol and cannabis can significantly impact a person's ability to operate a vehicle safely.

Alcohol vs. Cannabis and Driving

Drunk driving is a major concern worldwide. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

The impairment caused by alcohol and cannabis can vary between individuals due to factors such as tolerance, smoking techniques, and absorption rates of THC (the psychoactive compound in cannabis). However, it's important to note that combining marijuana with alcohol can lead to even more significant impairment.

Behavioral Strategies and Impairment

Interestingly, there are differences in how individuals perceive their impairment when under the influence of alcohol or cannabis. Cannabis users tend to be more cautious and aware of their impairment, often compensating by utilizing various behavioral strategies while driving. These strategies may include driving more slowly, passing less frequently, and maintaining increased distance between their vehicle and others on the road [1].

On the other hand, individuals under the influence of alcohol tend to underestimate their impairment and may engage in risky driving behaviors. Alcohol impairs complex tasks that require conscious control, making it more difficult to perform critical driving functions safely.

It's important to note that while some studies have found decreased or no increased risk from driving while smoking marijuana, others have indicated an increased risk. The effects of cannabis on driving can vary depending on factors such as dose, frequency of use, and individual tolerance levels.

To ensure safety on the road, it is best to avoid driving under the influence of alcohol or cannabis. If you plan to consume either substance, it is always recommended to arrange for alternative transportation options such as designated drivers or rideshare services. Prioritizing safety not only protects yourself but also others who share the road with you.

Health Consequences

Understanding the long-term effects of substance use is crucial for individuals dealing with addictions. Both alcohol and cannabis can have significant impacts on physical and mental health when used excessively. Let's explore the long-term effects of alcohol and cannabis separately.

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol

Prolonged and heavy alcohol use can have detrimental effects on various organs and systems in the body. According to WebMD, long-term heavy alcohol use can lead to the following health consequences:

These long-term effects highlight the serious health risks associated with heavy and prolonged alcohol use. It is important for individuals struggling with alcohol addiction to seek professional help and support.

Long-Term Effects of Cannabis

The long-term effects of cannabis use are still being extensively studied. While there is ongoing research, it is important to note that heavy and prolonged cannabis use may have potential health consequences. However, it is crucial to consider that individual responses to cannabis can vary.

It is worth noting that the long-term effects of cannabis use are generally less severe compared to heavy alcohol use. Research suggests that potential long-term effects of heavy cannabis use may include:

It is essential for individuals considering or using cannabis to be aware of these potential long-term effects and make informed decisions about their usage.

Understanding the long-term health consequences of alcohol and cannabis use is vital in promoting overall well-being. Seeking professional help and support is recommended for individuals struggling with substance abuse and addiction to ensure proper treatment and care.

Societal Impact and Perception

The societal impact and perception of alcohol and cannabis differ significantly. Public perception plays a crucial role in shaping the attitudes towards these substances and their overall acceptance within society. Let's take a closer look at the public perception of alcohol and cannabis.

Public Perception of Alcohol

Alcohol has a long-established presence in society, and its consumption is widely accepted in many cultures. However, the perception of alcohol is not entirely positive. According to a recent Gallup poll, 75 percent of Americans believe that alcohol consumption negatively affects society. This perception may stem from the well-documented health consequences associated with heavy alcohol use.

Alcohol contributes to more than 200 health conditions and approximately 178,000 deaths in the U.S. each year, making it one of the leading causes of preventable death. More than half of these deaths result from chronic heavy alcohol consumption, while the remainder result from acute injuries sustained while intoxicated [8]. Alcohol abuse has been linked to various types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, and other medical complications. These health risks associated with alcohol consumption contribute to the negative perception and concerns within society.

Public Perception of Cannabis

The public perception of cannabis has undergone significant changes in recent years. In contrast to alcohol, cannabis has faced a long history of legal restrictions and cultural stigma. However, perceptions are shifting, and an increasing number of individuals view cannabis use more favorably.

According to the same Gallup poll mentioned earlier, 49 percent of Americans believe that cannabis use affects society positively. This shift in perception can be attributed in part to the growing recognition of potential medical benefits associated with cannabis use.

While research on the long-term effects of cannabis is ongoing, it is generally considered less harmful than heavy alcohol consumption. However, it is important to note that cannabis use is not without risks, particularly when it comes to cognitive impairment and potential negative effects on mental health.

The changing perception of cannabis has led to the legalization of medical and recreational cannabis in various regions, which has further influenced public opinion. It is crucial to continue conducting research and implementing appropriate regulations to ensure the safe and responsible use of cannabis.

Understanding the societal impact and perception of alcohol and cannabis is essential in addressing substance use and addiction-related issues. By being aware of public attitudes, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and individuals dealing with addiction can work towards developing effective strategies for harm reduction and promoting overall well-being.